Ezinye iimpawu ezisisiseko zerabha

1. Ukubonakalisa irabha njenge-elasticity

Irabha yahlukile kumandla olulastiki abonakaliswa yi-longitudinal elastic coefficient (Young's modulus).Kubhekiselwa kwinto ebizwa ngokuba “yirabha elasticity” enokubuyiselwa nakumakhulu eepesenti edeformation esekelwe kwi-entropy elasticity eveliswa kukucutheka kunye nokuphinda kuboshwe izitshixo zemolekyuli.

2. Ukubonakalisa i-viscoelasticity yerabha

Ngokomthetho kaHooke, umzimba obizwa ngokuba yi-viscoelastic body one properties phakathi kwe-elastic body kunye nolwelo olupheleleyo.Oko kukuthi, ngenxa yezenzo ezifana ne-deformation ebangelwa amandla angaphandle, zilawulwa lixesha kunye neemeko zeqondo lokushisa, kwaye zibonise iziganeko zokunyuka kunye nokuphumla koxinzelelo.Ngexesha lokungcangcazela, kukho umehluko wesigaba kuxinzelelo kunye nokuguqulwa, okubonisa ukulahleka kwe-hysteresis.Ukulahlekelwa kwamandla kubonakaliswa ngendlela yokuvelisa ukushisa ngokusekelwe kubukhulu bayo.Ngaphezu koko, kwiimeko eziguquguqukayo, ukuxhomekeka kwamaxesha athile kunokubonwa, okusebenzayo kumgaqo wokuguqula ixesha lobushushu.

3. Inomsebenzi we-anti vibration kunye ne-buffering

Intsebenziswano phakathi kokuthamba, ukunwebeka, kunye ne-viscoelasticity yerabha ibonisa amandla ayo okunciphisa isandi kunye nokungcangcazela.Ke isetyenziswa kumanyathelo okunciphisa ingxolo kunye nongcoliseko lokungcangcazela.

4. Kukho ukuxhomekeka okubalulekileyo kwiqondo lokushisa

Ayisiyiyo irabha kuphela, kodwa iipropathi ezininzi zezinto ezibonakalayo zepolymer zichaphazeleka ngokubanzi ngamaqondo obushushu, kwaye irabha inotyekelo oluqinileyo malunga ne-viscoelasticity, ekwachatshazelwa kakhulu bubushushu.Ngokubanzi, i-rubber ixhomekeke kwi-embrittlement kumaqondo aphantsi;Kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, uchungechunge lweenkqubo ezinjengokuthambisa, ukuchithwa, i-oxidation ye-thermal, ukuchithwa kwe-thermal, kunye nokutsha kunokwenzeka.Ngaphaya koko, ngenxa yokuba irabha iyinto ephilayo, ayinakunqandwa komlilo.

5. Iimpawu zokufakelwa kombane

Njengeplastiki, irabha ekuqaleni yayisisigqubuthelo.Isetyenziswe kwi-insulation skin kunye neminye imiba, iimpawu zokugquma umbane nazo ziyachaphazeleka ngenxa yeefom ezahlukeneyo.Ukongezelela, kukho iirubha eziqhubayo ezinciphisa ngokusebenzayo ukuxhathisa ukugquma ukuthintela ukufakelwa kombane.

6. Ukuguga okwenzekayo

Xa kuthelekiswa nokubola kwesinyithi, iinkuni, ilitye, kunye nokuwohloka kweeplastiki, utshintsho lwezinto eziphathekayo olubangelwa yimeko yokusingqongileyo luyaziwa njengeziganeko zokuguga kwishishini lerabha.Ngokubanzi, kunzima ukuthetha ukuba irabha yinto enokuqina okugqwesileyo.Imisebe ye-UV, ukushisa, i-oksijini, i-ozone, i-oyile, i-solvents, iziyobisi, uxinzelelo, ukungcangcazela, njl njl. zizinto eziphambili zokuguga.

7. Kufuneka udibanise isulfure

Inkqubo yokudibanisa ikhonkco njengeepholima zerabha ezinesulfure okanye ezinye izinto kuthiwa ukongeza isulfure.Ngenxa yokunciphisa ukuhamba kweplastiki, ukubunjwa, amandla, kunye nezinye iipropathi ezibonakalayo ziphuculwe, kwaye uluhlu lobushushu bokusetyenziswa luyandiswa, olukhokelela ekuphuculeni ukusebenza.Ukongeza kwi-sulfur sulfidation efanelekileyo kwi-elastomers kunye neebhondi ezimbini, kukwakho i-peroxide sulfidation kunye ne-ammonium sulfidation usebenzisa i-peroxides.Kwirabha ye-thermoplastic, ekwabizwa ngokuba yirabha efana neeplastiki, kukwakho ezo zingadingi ukongezwa kwesulfure.

8. Ifomula iyafuneka

Kwirubha yokwenziwa, okungafaniyo kwenziwa apho ukuqulunqwa okufana ne-polyurethane kungafuneki (ngaphandle kwee-agent ezidibanisayo).Ngokuqhelekileyo, irabha idinga iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuxutywa.Kubalulekile ukubhekisa kuhlobo kunye nesixa sokuqulunqwa okukhethiweyo "njengokuseka ifomyula" kwiteknoloji yokucubungula irabha.Iinxalenye ezifihlakeleyo zefomula ephathekayo ehambelana nenjongo kunye nokusebenza okufunekayo kunokuthiwa yitekhnoloji yabavelisi abahlukeneyo bokucwangcisa.

9. Ezinye iimpawu

(a) Umxhuzulane okhethekileyo

Ngokumalunga ne-rubber eluhlaza, i-rubber yendalo isuka kwi-0.91 ukuya kwi-0.93, i-EPM isuka kwi-0.86 ukuya kwi-0.87 ibe yincinci, kwaye i-fluororubber isuka kwi-1.8 ukuya kwi-2.0 ibe yeyona inkulu.Irabha esebenzayo iyahluka ngokwefomula, kunye nobunzima obuthile malunga ne-2 yekhabhoni emnyama kunye nesalfure, i-5.6 yeekhompawundi zetsimbi ezifana ne-zinc oxide, kwaye malunga ne-1 ye-organic formulations.Kwiimeko ezininzi, ubunzima obuthile buvela kwi-1 ukuya kwi-2. Ngaphezu koko, kwiimeko ezikhethekileyo, kukho neemveliso ezinomgangatho onzima ezifana neefilimu ezingenakuvakala ezizaliswe ngumgubo okhokelayo.Ngokubanzi, xa kuthelekiswa nesinyithi kunye nezinye izinto, kunokuthiwa kulula.

(b) Ubulukhuni

Ngokubanzi, ithande ukuthamba.Nangona zininzi ezinobulukhuni bomphezulu osezantsi, kuyenzeka kwakhona ukufumana i-adhesive eqinile efana nerabha ye-polyurethane, enokuthi itshintshwe ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo.

(c) Indawo yokuphefumla

Ngokubanzi, kunzima ukusebenzisa umoya kunye nezinye iigesi njengezixhobo zokutywina.Irabha ye-butyl inokuphefumla okugqwesileyo, ngelixa irabha ye-silicone iphefumla ngokulula.

(d) Ukungangeni kwamanzi

Ngokubanzi, ineempawu zokungangeni manzi, izinga eliphezulu lokufunxa amanzi kuneplastiki, kwaye inokufikelela kumashumi amaninzi eepesenti emanzini abilayo.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokumalunga nokuchasana kwamanzi, ngenxa yezinto ezifana nobushushu, ixesha lokucwiliswa, kunye nokungenelela kwe-asidi kunye ne-alkali, irabha ye-polyurethane inokuthi ihlaselwe ukuhlukana kwamanzi.

(e) Ukunganyangeki kweziyobisi

Ngokubanzi, inokumelana ngokuqinileyo neziyobisi ezingaphiliyo, kwaye phantse yonke irabha inokumelana noxinzelelo oluphantsi lwealkali.Iirubha ezininzi ziba brittle xa zidibana neoxidizing acids ezinamandla.Nangona ixhathisa ngakumbi kwi-fatty acids ezifana neziyobisi eziphilayo ezifana notywala kunye ne-ether.Kodwa kwi-hydrogen carbide, i-acetone, i-carbon tetrachloride, i-carbon disulfide, i-phenolic compounds, njl., zihlaselwa lula kwaye zibangele ukuvuvukala kunye nobuthathaka.Ukongezelela, ngokubhekiselele ekuchaseni ioli, abaninzi banokumelana neoli yezilwanyana kunye nemifuno, kodwa baya kutshintsha kwaye baxhomekeke ekudumbeni xa bedibana nepetroleum.Ngaphaya koko, ikwaphenjelelwa zizinto ezifana nodidi lwerabha, uhlobo kunye nobungakanani bokwenziwa, kunye nobushushu.

(f) Ukunxiba ukuxhathisa

Luphawu olufunekayo ngokukodwa kwimihlaba yamatayara, amabhanti amancinci, izicathulo, njl.Irabha yepolyurethane, irabha yendalo, irabha yebutadiene, njl.

(g) Ukumelana nokudinwa

Ibhekisa ekomeleleni ngexesha lokuguqulwa okuphindaphindiweyo kunye nokungcangcazela.Nangona ukuphishekela kunzima ukuvelisa iintanda kunye nenkqubela phambili ngenxa yokufudumala, kuhambelana nokutshintsha kwezinto ezibangelwa yimiphumo yomatshini.I-SBR yongamile kunerabha yendalo malunga nokuveliswa kwe-crack, kodwa izinga lokukhula kwayo liyakhawuleza kwaye libi kakhulu.Ukuchaphazeleka luhlobo lwerubha, i-amplitude yamandla, isantya sokuguqula, kunye ne-agent yokuqinisa.

(h) Amandla

Irabha ineempawu zokuqina (amandla okwaphuka, ukomelela,% imodyuli), amandla acinezelayo, ukomelela kokucheba, ukomelela kokukrazuka, njl njl. Kukho izinto ezincamathelayo ezifana nerabha yepolyurethane eyirabha esulungekileyo enamandla amakhulu, kunye neerabha ezininzi eziye zaphuculwa ngokudityaniswa. ii-arhente kunye nee-ejenti zokuqinisa.

(i) Ukuxhathisa idangatye

Ibhekisela ekuthelekisweni kokuvutha kunye nesantya sokutsha kwezinto xa zidibana nomlilo.Nangona kunjalo, ukuthontsiza, ubutyhefu bemveliso yerhasi, kunye nesixa somsi nazo ziyimiba.Ngenxa yokuba irabha iyinto ephilayo, ayinakho ukutsha, kodwa ikwaphuhlisa ijonge kwiipropathi zokunqanda amadangatye, kwaye kukwakho neerubha ezineempawu zokubuyiswa komlilo ezifana nerabha ye-fluororubber kunye ne-chloroprene.

(j) Ukuncamathela

Ngokubanzi, inonamathela kakuhle.Ichithwe kwi-solvent kwaye ixhomekeke kwi-adhesive processing, le ndlela inokufezekisa iimpawu zokubambelela kwi-rubber system.Amatayara kunye namanye amacandelo adityaniswa ngokusekwe ekongezweni kwesalfure.Irabha yendalo kunye ne-SBR zisetyenziswa ngokwenene ekudibaneni kwerabha kwirabha, irabha kwifiber, irabha ukuya kwiplastiki, irabha kwintsimbi, njl.

(k) Ubutyhefu

Ekuqulunqweni kwerabha, ezinye i-stabilizers kunye ne-plasticizers ziqulethe izinto ezinobungozi, kwaye i-cadmium based pigments kufuneka iqatshelwe.