Ukusetyenzwa kwerabha imibuzo engama-38, ulungelelwaniso kunye nokusetyenzwa

I-Rubber processing Q&A

1. Kutheni irabha idinga ukubunjwa

Injongo yeplastiki yerabha kukunciphisa amatyathanga amakhulu eerabha zerabha phantsi komatshini, i-thermal, ikhemikhali kunye nezinye izenzo, ezibangela ukuba irabha ilahlekelwe okwethutyana kwaye inyuse iplastiki yayo, ukuze ihlangabezane neemfuno zenkqubo kwimveliso. Umzekelo, ukwenza i-ejenti yokudibanisa kube lula ukuyixuba, ukuququzelela ukuqengqeleka kunye nokukhutshwa, kunye neepateni ezibunjiweyo ezicacileyo kunye neemilo ezizinzileyo, ukwandisa ukuhamba kwezixhobo zerabha ezibunjiweyo kunye nesitofu, ukwenza kube lula ukuba izinto zerabha zingene kwimicu, kunye nokuphucula ukunyibilika. kunye nokubambelela kwizinto zerabha. Kakade ke, ezinye iirubha ze-viscosity eziphantsi kunye ne-viscosity eziqhubekayo azinakwenziwa iplastiki. Irabha eqhelekileyo yasekhaya, irabha eqhelekileyo yaseMalaysia (SMR).

1. Ziziphi izinto ezichaphazela iplastiki yerabha kwi-mixer yangaphakathi

Ukuxutywa kwerabha ekrwada kumxube wangaphakathi kungowokuxutywa kobushushu obuphezulu, kunye nobushushu obuncinci be-120.℃okanye ngaphezulu, ngokubanzi phakathi kwe-155℃kunye ne165℃. Irabha ekrwada iphantsi kobushushu obuphezulu kunye nentshukumo eyomeleleyo yomatshini kwigumbi lomxube, okukhokelela kwi-oxidation enzima kunye nokufezekisa iplastiki efanelekileyo ngexesha elifutshane. Ke ngoko, ezona zinto ziphambili zichaphazela ukuxutywa kwerabha ekrwada kunye neplastiki kumxube wangaphakathi zezi:

(1)Ukusebenza kwezixhobo zobugcisa, ezifana nesantya, njl.

(2)Iimeko zenkqubo, njengexesha, ubushushu, uxinzelelo lomoya, kunye namandla.

1. Kutheni iirubha ezahlukeneyo zineempawu ezahlukeneyo zeplastiki

Iplastiki yerabha inxulumene ngokusondeleyo nokwakheka kweekhemikhali, ubume bemolekyuli, ubunzima bemolekyuli, kunye nokusabalalisa ubunzima bemolekyuli. Ngenxa yezakhiwo zabo ezahlukeneyo kunye neempawu, irabha yendalo kunye nerabha yokwenziwa ngokuqhelekileyo kulula kwiplastiki kunerabha yokwenziwa. Ngokubhekiselele kwirubha yokwenziwa, irabha ye-isoprene kunye ne-chloroprene irabha isondele kwirubha yendalo, ilandelwa yirabha ye-styrene butadiene kunye ne-butyl irabha, ngelixa i-nitrile irabha inzima kakhulu.

1. Kutheni iplastiki yerabha ekrwada isetyenziswa njengomgangatho ophambili womgangatho wekhompawundi zeplastiki

Iplastiki yerabha ekrwada inxulumene nobunzima bayo yonke inkqubo yokuvelisa imveliso, kwaye ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo iipropati ezibalulekileyo zezinto eziphathekayo kunye nomatshini werabha evuzayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemveliso. Ukuba iplastiki yerabha ekrwada iphezulu kakhulu, iya kunciphisa iipropathi ezibonakalayo kunye nomatshini werabha evuthisiweyo. Ukuba iplastiki yerabha eluhlaza iphantsi kakhulu, iya kubangela ubunzima kwinkqubo elandelayo, okwenza kube nzima ukuxuba izinto zerabha ngokulinganayo. Ngexesha lokuqengqeleka, umphezulu wemveliso egqityiweyo ayigudi kwaye isantya sokuncipha sikhulu, okwenza kube nzima ukuqonda ubungakanani bemveliso egqityiweyo. Ngexesha lokuqengqeleka, imathiriyeli yerabha iphinda ibenzima ukuyihlikihla kwilaphu, ibangele izinto ezinje ngokuxutywa kwelaphu lerabha elijingayo, linciphisa kakhulu ukuncamathela phakathi kwelaphu lelaphu. Iplastiki engalinganiyo inokukhokelela kwinkqubo engahambelaniyo kunye neempawu zomzimba ezibonakalayo zerubha, kwaye zide zichaphazele ukusebenza okungahambelaniyo kwemveliso. Ngoko ke, ukulawula iplastiki yerabha eluhlaza ngokuchanekileyo ngumba ongenakukuhoywa.

5. Yintoni injongo yokuxuba

Ukuxuba yinkqubo yokuxuba irabha ekrwada kunye nezongezo ezahlukeneyo kunye ngokusebenzisa izixhobo zerabha ngokomlinganiselo wezongezo ezichazwe kwifomula yezinto zerabha, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba zonke izongezo zisasazwe ngokulinganayo kwirabha ekrwada. Injongo yokuxuba izinto zerabha kukufumana izibonakaliso ezifanayo kunye nezihambelanayo zomzimba kunye nezixhobo zokusebenza ezihlangabezana nefomula emiselweyo, ukwenzela ukuba kube lula ukusebenza kwenkqubo kunye nokuqinisekisa iimfuno zomgangatho weemveliso ezigqityiweyo.

6. Kutheni imixube idibana kunye

Izizathu zokwenziwa kwe-caking ye-agent edibanisayo zezi: ukungonelanga kweplastiki yokuxutywa kwerabha ekrwada, isithuba esikhulu kakhulu somqulu, ubushushu obuphezulu kakhulu, umthamo weglue omkhulu kakhulu wokulayishwa, amasuntswana arhabaxa okanye izinto eziqulethwe kwi-agent edibanisa umgubo, ijeli, njl. indlela yokuphucula kukwamkela amanyathelo athile asekelwe kwimeko ethile: iplastiki ngokupheleleyo, ukulungelelanisa ngokufanelekileyo isithuba se-roller, ukunciphisa ubushushu be-roller, kunye nokunikela ingqalelo kwindlela yokutya; Ukomisa kunye nokuhlolwa kweepowders; Ukusika kufuneka kube ngokufanelekileyo ngexesha lokuxuba.

1. Kutheni inani eligqithisileyo lekhabhoni emnyama kwizinto zerabha livelisa "impembelelo yokuhlanjululwa"

Okubizwa ngokuba yi "dilution effect" ngenxa yobuninzi bekhabhoni emnyama ekubunjweni kwerabha, okukhokelela ekunciphiseni okuhambelana nobuninzi berabha, okukhokelela ekunxibelelaneni okusondeleyo phakathi kwamasuntswana amnyama ekhabhoni kunye nokungakwazi ukusasaza kakuhle kwirabha. impahla. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi "dilution effect". Ngenxa yobukho bamaqela amaninzi e-carbon black particle particle, iamolekyu zerabha azikwazi ukungena kwi-carbon black particle clusters, kwaye ukusebenzisana phakathi kwe-rubber kunye ne-carbon black kuncitshisiwe, okubangelwa ukuhla kwamandla kunye nomphumo olindelekileyo wokuqinisa awukwazi ukufezekiswa.

8. Yintoni impembelelo yesakhiwo sekhabhoni emnyama kwiipropati zezinto zerabha

Ikhabhoni emnyama iveliswa kukubola kwe-thermal ye-hydrocarbon compounds. Xa imathiriyeli ekrwada iyirhasi yendalo (eyenziwe ikakhulu ngamafutha ehydrocarbons), isangqa sekhabhoni enamalungu amathandathu senziwa; Xa imathiriyeli ekrwada ioli enzima (enomxholo ophezulu weehydrocarbons ezinevumba elimnandi), isangqa esinamalungu amathandathu equlathe ikharbhoni iphinda idilizwe dehydrogenated kwaye ijikelwe ukwenza ikhompawundi enuka kamnandi yepolycyclic, ngaloo ndlela yenze umaleko wesakhiwo sothungelwano esinehexagonal seeathom zekhabhoni. Olu luhlu lugubungela amaxesha angama-3-5 kwaye lube yikristale. Amasuntswana angqukuva ekhabhoni emnyama ziikristale ze-amorphous ezenziwe ngeeseti ezininzi zeekristale ezingenayo imilinganiselo ethile yokuqhelaniswa nayo. Kukho iibhondi zamahhala ezingapheliyo ezijikeleze i-crystal, ezibangela ukuba i-carbon black particles idibanise omnye nomnye, yenze amakhonkco amancinci ahlukeneyo amanani ahlukeneyo, okubizwa ngokuba yisakhiwo sekhabhoni emnyama.

Ukwakhiwa kwekhabhoni emnyama kuyahluka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuvelisa. Ngokubanzi, ukwakheka kwenkqubo yesithando somlilo ikhabhoni emnyama iphezulu kunetanki yenkqubo yekhabhoni emnyama, kwaye ubume be-acetylene carbon emnyama yeyona iphezulu. Ukongezelela, isakhiwo sekhabhoni emnyama nayo ichaphazeleka kwizinto eziluhlaza. Ukuba umxholo we-hydrocarbon omnandi wezinto eziluhlaza uphezulu, isakhiwo sekhabhoni emnyama siphezulu, kwaye isivuno siphezulu; Ngokuchasene noko, isakhiwo siphantsi kwaye isivuno siphantsi. Ubuncinci be-diameter ye-carbon black particles, iphezulu isakhiwo. Ngaphakathi koluhlu lwesayizi ye-particle efanayo, ukuphakama kwesakhiwo, kulula ukukhupha, kunye nomphezulu wemveliso ekhutshiweyo igudileyo kunye nokunciphisa okuncinci. Ubume bekhabhoni emnyama inokulinganiswa ngexabiso layo lokufunxa ioli. Xa ubukhulu be-particle bufana, ixabiso eliphezulu lokufunxa ioli libonisa isakhiwo esiphezulu, ngelixa ngokuchaseneyo kubonisa isakhiwo esiphantsi. Ikhabhoni emnyama ecwangcisiweyo ephezulu kunzima ukuyisasaza kwirabha eyenziweyo, kodwa irabha ethambileyo yokwenziwa ifuna imodulus ephezulu yekhabhoni emnyama ukuphucula amandla ayo. I-fine particle ephezulu eyakhiwe nge-carbon black inokuphucula ukuxhathisa ukunxiba kwerabha yokunyathela. Izinto eziluncedo kwisakhiwo esisezantsi sekhabhoni emnyama ngamandla aphezulu okubamba, ubude obuphezulu, amandla aphantsi, ubulukhuni obuphantsi, imathiriyeli yerabha ethambileyo, kunye nesizukulwana sobushushu obuphantsi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuxhathisa kwayo kubi kakhulu kunokwakheka okuphezulu kwekhabhoni emnyama kunye nobukhulu obufanayo.

1. Kutheni i-carbon black ichaphazela ukusebenza okutshisayo kwezinto zerabha

Impembelelo yesakhiwo sekhabhoni emnyama kwixesha elitshisayo lezinto zerabha: ulwakhiwo oluphezulu kunye nexesha elifutshane lokutshisa; Ubuncinci ubungakanani besuntswana lekhabhoni emnyama, lifutshane ixesha lokupheka. Ifuthe leepropathi zomphezulu we-carbon black particles kwi-coking: ikakhulu ibhekisa kumxholo we-oksijini kumphezulu we-carbon emnyama, ephezulu kumxholo we-oksijini, ixabiso eliphantsi le-pH, kunye ne-acidic, njenge-slot emnyama, ene-coking ende. ixesha. Isiphumo sobungakanani bekhabhoni emnyama kwixesha elitshisayo: isixa esikhulu sinokunciphisa kakhulu ixesha lokutshisa ngenxa yokuba ukwanda kwekhabhoni emnyama kuvelisa irabha eboshiweyo, enomdla wokukhuthaza ukutshisa. Umphumo wekhabhoni emnyama kwixesha le-Mooney scorch lezinto zerabha ziyahluka kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ze-vulcanization.

10. Yintoni inqanaba lokuqala lokuxuba kwaye yintoni isigaba sesibini sokuxuba

Isigaba esinye sokuxuba yinkqubo yokongeza iplastiki kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokudibanisa (kwezinye izongezo ezingasasazwanga lula okanye zisetyenziswe ngamanani amancinci, zinokuthi zenziwe kwangaphambili zibe yi-masterbatch) nganye nganye ngokweemfuno zenkqubo. Oko kukuthi, i-masterbatch ixutywe kwi-mixer yangaphakathi, kwaye emva koko isulfure okanye ezinye i-vulcanizing agents, kunye nezinye i-accelerators eziphezulu ezingafanelekanga ukuba zongezwe kumxube wangaphakathi, zongezwa kwi-tablet press. Ngamafutshane, inkqubo yokuxuba igqityiwe ngexesha elinye ngaphandle kokumisa phakathi.

Inqanaba lesibini lokuxuba libhekisa kwinkqubo yokuxuba ngokulinganayo izongezo ezahlukeneyo, ngaphandle kwee-agent ze-vulcanizing kunye ne-super accelerators, kunye nerabha ekrwada ukuvelisa irabha esisiseko. Inxalenye engezantsi ipholile kwaye ipakishwe ixesha elithile, kwaye emva koko ukuqhutyelwa phambili kokuncedisa kuqhutyelwa kwi-mixer yangaphakathi okanye i-mill evulekileyo yokongeza i-vulcanizing agents.

11. Kutheni iifilimu kufuneka zipholiswe ngaphambi kokuba zigcinwe

Ukushisa kwefilimu enqunywe yi-tablet press iphezulu kakhulu. Ukuba ayipholiswanga ngokukhawuleza, kulula ukuvelisa i-vulcanization yokuqala kunye ne-adhesive, kubangela ingxaki kwinkqubo elandelayo. Umzi-mveliso wethu wehla uvela kumshicileli wethebhulethi, kwaye ngesixhobo sokupholisa ifilimu, sintywiliselwa kwi-agent yodwa, sivuthelwe yome, kwaye isikiwe ngale njongo. Imfuneko yokupholisa ngokubanzi kukupholisa ubushushu befilimu bube ngaphantsi kwama-45℃, kunye nexesha lokugcinwa kwe-adhesive akufanele libe lide kakhulu, ngaphandle koko kunokubangela ukuba i-adhesive itshize iqhwa.

1. Kutheni ulawula ubushushu bokongeza isulfure ngaphantsi kwe-100℃

Oku kungenxa yokuba xa isulfure kunye ne-accelerator zongezwa kwizinto ezixutywe zerabha, ukuba ubushushu budlula i-100.℃, kulula ukwenza i-vulcanization yokuqala (oko kukuthi ukutshisa) kwezinto zerabha. Ukongezelela, i-sulfure iyancibilika kwi-rubber kumaqondo aphezulu, kwaye emva kokupholisa, isulfure idibanisa phezu kwezinto zerabha, ibangela iqhwa kunye nokusabalalisa okungalinganiyo kwesulfure.

1. Kutheni iifilimu ezixubeneyo kufuneka zipakwe ixesha elithile ngaphambi kokuba zisetyenziswe

Injongo yokugcina iifilimu zerabha ezixubileyo emva kokupholisa zimbini: (1) ukubuyisela ukukhathala kwezinto zerabha kunye nokuphumla uxinzelelo lomatshini olufunyenwe ngexesha lokuxuba; (2) Ukunciphisa i-shrinkage ye-adhesive material; (3) Qhubeka usasaza i-arhente yokudibanisa ngexesha lenkqubo yokupaka, ukukhuthaza ukusabalalisa okufanayo; (4) Ukuqhubela phambili ukuvelisa irabha edibeneyo phakathi kwerabha kunye nekhabhoni emnyama ukuphucula umphumo wokuqinisa.

14. Kutheni kuyimfuneko ukuphumeza ngokungqongqo i-segmented dosing kunye nexesha loxinzelelo

Ukulandelelana kwedosi kunye nexesha loxinzelelo zizinto ezibalulekileyo ezichaphazela umgangatho wokuxuba. I-dosing edibeneyo inokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokuxuba kunye nokwandisa ukufana, kwaye kukho imimiselo ekhethekileyo yolandelelwano lwe-dosing yeekhemikhali ezithile, ezifana: izithambiso zolwelo akufanele zongezwe ngexesha elifanayo nekhabhoni emnyama ukuphepha ukudibanisa. Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukuphumeza ngokungqongqo i-dosing edibeneyo. Ukuba ixesha loxinzelelo lifutshane kakhulu, i-rubber kunye neyeza azikwazi ukuxutywa ngokupheleleyo kwaye zixutywe, okubangelwa ukuxuba okungafaniyo; Ukuba ixesha loxinzelelo lide kakhulu kwaye ukushisa kwegumbi lokuxuba kuphezulu kakhulu, kuya kuchaphazela umgangatho kunye nokunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle. Ngoko ke, ixesha loxinzelelo kufuneka linyanzeliswe ngokungqongqo.

15. Yintoni impembelelo yokuzalisa umthamo kumgangatho werubha exutywe kunye neplastiki

Umthamo wokuzalisa ubhekisela kumandla okwenene okuxuba umxubi wangaphakathi, odla ngokubala kuphela i-50-60% yomthamo wegumbi lokuxuba elipheleleyo lomxube wangaphakathi. Ukuba umthamo ukhulu kakhulu, akukho sithuba esaneleyo sokuxuba, kwaye ukuxuba okwaneleyo akukwazi ukuqhutyelwa, okubangelwa ukuxuba okungafaniyo; Ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kunokubangela ukuba i-self vulcanization yezinto zerabha; Isenokubangela ukugcwala kwemoto. Ukuba umthamo umncinci kakhulu, akukho kumelana nokuxhatshazwa okwaneleyo phakathi kwee-rotors, okukhokelela ekuxubeni kwe-idling kunye nokungalingani, okuchaphazela umgangatho we-rubber edibeneyo kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo.

1. Kutheni izithambiso zolwelo kufuneka zongezwe okokugqibela xa kuxutywa imathiriyeli yerabha

Xa uxuba izinto zerabha, ukuba izithambiso zolwelo zongezwa kuqala, oko kuya kubangela ukwanda okugqithisileyo kwerabha ekrwada kwaye kuchaphazele ukukhuhlana komatshini phakathi kweemolekyuli zerabha kunye nezigcwalisi, ukunciphisa isantya sokuxuba sezinto zerabha, kwaye kubangele ukusasazwa okungalinganiyo kunye nokudityaniswa. yomgubo. Ke ngexesha lokuxuba, izinto ezithambisa ulwelo zihlala zongezwa okokugqibela.

17. Kutheni le nto i-rubber edibeneyo "i-self sulfurize" emva kokushiywa ixesha elide

Izizathu eziphambili zokuvela kwe "self sulfure" ngexesha lokubekwa kwezinto ezixutywe zerabha zezi: (1) i-vulcanizing agents ezininzi kunye ne-accelerator zisetyenziswa; (2) Umthamo omkhulu wokulayisha irabha, ubushushu obuphezulu bomatshini wokusulungekisa irabha, ukupholisa kwefilimu okungonelanga; (3) Okanye ukongeza isulfure kwangoko kakhulu, ukusasazwa okungalinganiyo kwemathiriyeli yeyeza kubangela ukugcwala kwendawo ye-accelerator kunye nesalfure; (4) Indawo yokupaka engafanelekanga, efana nobushushu obugqithisileyo kunye nokungahambi kakuhle komoya kwindawo yokupaka.

18. Kutheni i-rubber yokuxuba izinto kwi-mixer kufuneka ibe noxinzelelo oluthile lomoya

Ngexesha lokuxuba, ngaphezu kobukho berabha eluhlaza kunye nezixhobo zonyango kwigumbi lokuxuba lomxube wangaphakathi, kukho nenani elikhulu lezithuba. Ukuba uxinzelelo alwanelanga, irabha eluhlaza kunye nezixhobo zonyango azikwazi ukuxutywa kwaye zixutywe ngokwaneleyo, okubangela ukuxuba okungafaniyo; Emva kokunyusa uxinzelelo, i-rubber material iya kufakwa kwi-friction enamandla kunye nokuxutywa phezulu, phantsi, ngakwesobunxele, nangakwesokudla, ukwenza i-rubber eluhlaza kunye ne-agent edibeneyo ngokukhawuleza kwaye ixutywe ngokulinganayo. Kwithiyori, ukuphakama koxinzelelo, kungcono. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokunciphisa izixhobo kunye neminye imiba, uxinzelelo lwangempela alukwazi ukulinganiselwa. Ngokubanzi, uxinzelelo lomoya olujikeleze i-6Kg/cm2 lungcono.

1. Kutheni iirola ezimbini zomatshini wokuxuba irabha evulekileyo kufuneka zibe nomlinganiselo othile wesantya

Injongo yokuyila umlinganiselo wesantya kumatshini wokusulungekisa irabha ovulekileyo kukuphucula isiphumo sokucheba, ukuvelisa ukukhuhlana komatshini kunye nokuqhekeka kwekhonkco lemolekyuli kwizinto zerabha, kunye nokukhuthaza ukusasazwa kwearhente yokudibanisa. Ukongeza, isantya esicothayo esihamba phambili siluncedo ekusebenzeni kunye nemveliso yokhuseleko.

1. Kutheni umxube wangaphakathi uvelisa i-thallium inclusion phenomenon

Ngokuqhelekileyo kukho izizathu ezithathu zokufakwa kwethallium kumxube: (1) kukho iingxaki kwisixhobo ngokwaso, njengokuvuza komoya ukusuka kwibholithi ephezulu, (2) ukungonelanga koxinzelelo lomoya, kunye (3) nokusebenza ngendlela engafanelekanga, njengokuvuza komoya kwibholidi ephezulu. ukunganikeli ngqalelo xa wongeza izinto ezithambileyo, ngokufuthi kubangela ukuba incangathi ibambelele kwibholithi ephezulu kunye nodonga lwegumbi lomxube. Ukuba ayicocwanga ngexesha, iya kuchaphazela ekugqibeleni.

21. Kutheni ifilimu edibeneyo icinezela kwaye ihlakazeke

Ngenxa yokungakhathali ngexesha lokuxuba, ihlala ihlakazeka ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukeneyo, ngokukodwa kubandakanywa: (1) ukuphula ulandelelwano lwe-dosing oluchazwe kwimimiselo yenkqubo okanye ukongeza ngokukhawuleza; (2) Iqondo lokushisa kwigumbi lokuxuba liphantsi kakhulu ngexesha lokuxuba; (3) Ukugqithiswa kwedosi yokuzalisa kwifomula kunokwenzeka. Ngenxa yokuxuba kakubi, izinto zerubha zachithwa kwaye zahlakazwa. Izinto zerabha ezihlakaziweyo kufuneka zongezwe kunye nenqanaba elifanayo leplastiki yeplastiki okanye irabha yomama, kwaye emva koko ixhomekeke kunyango lobugcisa emva kokunyanzeliswa kunye nokukhutshwa.

22. Kutheni kuyimfuneko ukucacisa umyalelo we-dosing

Injongo yolandelelwano lwe-dosing kukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-rubber compounding kunye nokuqinisekisa umgangatho wezinto ezixutywe zerabha. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ulandelelwano lokudibanisa imichiza luhamba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: (1) Ukongeza iplastiki ukuthambisa irabha, okwenza kube lula ukuxuba kunye ne-agent agent. (2) Yongeza amayeza amancinci afana ne-zinc oxide, i-stearic acid, i-accelerators, i-anti-aging agents, njl. Ezi zixhobo ezibalulekileyo zezinto zokubambelela. Okokuqala, zongeza ukuze zihlakazwe ngokulinganayo kwizinto zokubambelela. (3) Ikhabhoni emnyama okanye ezinye izizalisi ezifana nodongwe, i-calcium carbonate, njl. Ukuba ulandelelwano lwe-dosing alulandelwa (ngaphandle kweefomula ezineemfuno ezikhethekileyo), kuya kuchaphazela kakhulu umgangatho wezinto ezixutywe zerabha.

23. Kutheni kukho iindidi ezininzi zerabha ekrwada ezisetyenziswa kunye kwifomula enye

Ngokuphuhliswa kwezinto eziluhlaza kwishishini lerabha, iindidi zeerubha zokwenziwa ziyanda. Ukuze kuphuculwe iipropathi ezibonakalayo kunye noomatshini berabha kunye nerabha ene-vulcanized, ukuphucula ukusebenza kwerabha, kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zeemveliso zerabha, iintlobo ezininzi zeerubha eziluhlaza zihlala zisetyenziswa kwifomula efanayo.

24. Kutheni izinto zerabha zivelisa iplastiki ephezulu okanye ephantsi

Isizathu esona sizathu sale meko kukuba iplastiki yeplastiki yeplastiki ayifanelekanga; Ixesha lokuxuba lide kakhulu okanye lifutshane kakhulu; Ubushushu bokuxuba obungafanelekanga; Kwaye iglu ayixutywanga kakuhle; Ukongezwa okugqithisileyo okanye okungonelanga kweeplasticizers; Ikhabhoni emnyama ingaveliswa ngokudibanisa kancinci kakhulu okanye ngokusebenzisa uhlobo olungalunganga. Indlela yokuphucula kukubamba ngokufanelekileyo iplastiki yekhompawundi yeplastiki, ukulawula ixesha lokuxuba kunye nobushushu, kwaye udibanise irabha ngokulinganayo. I-arhente yokuxuba kufuneka ilinganiswe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ihlolwe.

25. Kutheni le nto i-rubber edibeneyo ivelisa i-gravity ethile enkulu kakhulu okanye encinci kakhulu

Izizathu zoku ziquka ubunzima obungachanekanga bekhompawundi, ukukhutshwa, kunye nokungahambelani. Ukuba ubungakanani bekhabhoni emnyama, i-zinc oxide, kunye ne-calcium carbonate ingaphezulu kwexabiso elichaziweyo ngelixa inani lerabha ekrwada, i-oyile plasticizers, njl. njl imali echaziweyo. Ngokuchasene noko, umphumo ukwachasene. Ukongeza, ngexesha lokuxutywa kwezinto zerabha, umgubo obhabhayo okanye uncamathele eludongeni lwesikhongozeli (njengebhokisi yamayeza amancinci), kunye nokungaphumeleli ukuthulula izinto ezongeziweyo ngokupheleleyo kunokubangela ubunzima obuthile bezinto zerabha. phezulu okanye phantsi kakhulu. Indlela yokuphucula kukukhangela ukuba kukho naziphi na iimpazamo ekulinganiseni ngexesha lokuxuba, ukuqinisa ukusebenza, kunye nokuthintela ukuphaphazela kwepowder kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuxutywa kwezinto zerabha.

26. Kutheni ubunzima bezinto ezixutywe zerabha buba phezulu okanye buphantsi kakhulu

Esona sizathu siphambili sobulukhuni obuphezulu okanye obuphantsi besixhobo serabha kukulinganiswa okungachanekanga kwe-agent edibanisayo, njengobunzima be-agent e-vulcanizing, i-agent yokuqinisa, kunye ne-accelerator ibe phezulu kunomthamo wefomula, okukhokelela kwi-ultra- ubunzima obuphezulu berabha evuzayo; Ngokuchasene noko, ukuba ubunzima berabha kunye neeplasticizers budlula inani elimiselweyo kwifomula, okanye ubunzima bee-arhente zokuqinisa, i-vulcanizing agents, kunye ne-accelerators ingaphantsi kwexabiso elimiselweyo kwifomula, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kukhokelela kubulukhuni obuphantsi be imathiriyeli yerabha ehlanjululweyo. Amanyathelo ayo okuphucula ayafana nokoyisa into yokuguquguquka kweplastiki. Ukongeza, emva kokufaka isulfure, ukugawula ngokungalingani kunokubangela ukuguquguquka kobunzima (kwindawo enkulu kakhulu okanye encinci kakhulu).

27. Kutheni imathiriyeli yerabha inesiqalo esicothayo se-vulcanization

Esona sizathu siphambili se-vulcanization ecothayo yesiqalo sezixhobo zerabha kungenxa yexabiso elingaphantsi kwexabiso elichaziweyo le-accelerator elilinganisiweyo, okanye ukushiywa kwe-zinc oxide okanye i-stearic acid ngexesha lokuxuba; Okwesibini, uhlobo olungalunganga lwekhabhoni emnyama ngamanye amaxesha lunokubangela ukulibaziseka kwisantya se-vulcanization yezinto zerabha. Amanyathelo okuphucula abandakanya ukuqinisa uhlolo oluthathu kunye nokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo izixhobo zamayeza.

28. Kutheni izinto zerabha zivelisa ukusilela kwesulfure

Ukwenzeka kokunqongophala kwesulfure kwimathiriyeli yerabha kubangelwa ikakhulu kukungabikho okanye ukungonelanga kwendibaniselwano ye-accelerators, i-vulcanizing agents, kunye ne-zinc oxide. Nangona kunjalo, imisebenzi yokuxuba engafanelekanga kunye nokubhabha komgubo ogqithisileyo kunokukhokelela ekunqongophelweni kwesalfure kwizinto zerabha. Amanyathelo okuphucula oku: ngaphezu kokufezekisa ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo, ukuqinisa ukuhlolwa okuthathu, kunye nokuphepha izithako ezilahlekileyo okanye ezingahambelaniyo, kuyafuneka kwakhona ukuqinisa inkqubo yokuxuba kunye nokuthintela ubuninzi bepowder ekubhabha kunye nokulahlekelwa.

29. Kutheni izinto eziphathekayo kunye nezixhobo zerubha ezixubekileyo azihambelani

Ubunzima obungachanekanga be-ejenti edibanisayo bubangelwa ikakhulu kukungabikho okanye ukungahambelani kwee-agent zokuqinisa, i-vulcanizing agents, kunye ne-accelerators, ezinokuthi zichaphazele ngokunzulu iipropati zenyama kunye noomatshini bekhompawundi yerabha evuthekileyo. Okwesibini, ukuba ixesha lokuxuba lide kakhulu, ulandelelwano lwe-dosing alunangqiqo, kwaye ukuxubana akulingani, kunokubangela ukuba iimpawu ezibonakalayo kunye nomatshini werabha evuthisiweyo ingafaneleki. Okokuqala, amanyathelo kufuneka athatyathwe ukomeleza ubugcisa bokuchaneka, ukuphumeza inkqubo yokuhlola emithathu, kunye nokuthintela ukukhutshwa okungafanelekanga okanye okuphosiweyo kwemathiriyeli yoxubo-mayeza. Nangona kunjalo, kwizixhobo zerabha ezinomgangatho ophantsi, ukusetyenzwa okongeziweyo okanye ukufakwa kwizinto ezifanelekileyo zerabha kuyimfuneko.

30. Kutheni izinto zerabha zivelisa ukutshisa

Izizathu zokutshiswa kwezinto zerabha zingashwankathelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: uyilo lwefomula engafanelekanga, njengokusetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo kwee-agent ze-vulcanizing kunye ne-accelerators; Umthamo wokulayishwa kwerubha ngokugqithisileyo, ukusebenza ngokungafanelekanga kokuxuba irabha, njengobushushu obuphezulu bomatshini wokuxuba irabha, ukupholisa ngokwaneleyo emva kokukhulula, ukongezwa kwangaphambili kwesulfure okanye ukusabalalisa okungalinganiyo, okubangelwa ukuxinwa okuphezulu kwee-agent ze-vulcanizing kunye ne-accelerators; Ukugcinwa ngaphandle kokupholisa okuncinci, ukuqengqeleka okugqithisileyo okanye ixesha lokugcina ixesha elide kunokubangela ukutshiswa kwezinto ezincamathelayo.

31. Ukuthintela njani ukutsha kwezinto zerabha

Ukuthintela ukupheka ikakhulu kubandakanya ukuthatha amanyathelo ahambelanayo ukulungisa oonobangela bokupheka.

(1) Ukuthintela ukutshisa, njengokulawula ngokungqongqo ubushushu bokuxuba, ngakumbi ubushushu bokongeza isulfure, ukuphuculwa kweemeko zokupholisa, ukongeza izinto ngokulandelelana okuchazwe kwiinkcukacha zenkqubo, kunye nokomeleza ulawulo lwezinto zerabha.

(2) Lungisa inkqubo ye-vulcanization kwifomula kwaye wongeze i-anti coking agents ezifanelekileyo.

32. Kutheni ukongeza i-1-1.5% ye-stearic acid okanye ioli xa ujongene nezixhobo zerabha ezinezinga eliphezulu lokutshisa.

Kwimathiriyeli yerabha eneqondo elivuthayo elikhanyayo, ipasi elibhityileyo (i-roller pitch 1-1.5mm, iqondo lobushushu elingaphantsi kwama-45℃) Amaxesha ama-4-6 kwindawo yokusila evulekileyo, paka iiyure ze-24, kwaye udibanise kwizinto ezilungileyo zokusetyenziswa. Idosi kufuneka ilawulwe ngaphantsi kwe-20%. Nangona kunjalo, kwizinto zerabha ezinezinga eliphezulu lokutshisa, kukho iibhondi ezininzi ze-vulcanization kwizinto zerabha. Ukongeza i-1-1.5% ye-stearic acid inokubangela ukuba izinto zerabha zikhukhumele kwaye zikhawuleze ukutshatyalaliswa kwesakhiwo sokudibanisa. Kwanasemva kokuba unyango, umlinganiselo wolu hlobo lwerabha eyongezwe kwizinto ezilungileyo zerabha akufanele zidlule kwi-10%, ngokuqinisekileyo, kwezinye izinto zerabha ezitshiswe kakhulu, ngaphezu kokongeza i-stearic acid, i-2-3% yezinto ezithambisa i-oyile kufuneka zongezwe ngokufanelekileyo. uncedo ekudumbeni. Emva konyango, banokuthotyelwa kuphela ukusetyenziswa. Ngokuphathelele izinto zerabha ezinokutshisa kakhulu, azikwazi ukucutshungulwa ngokuthe ngqo kwaye zingasetyenziselwa kuphela njengezinto eziluhlaza kwirabha ehlaziyiweyo.

33. Kutheni izinto zerabha kufuneka zigcinwe kwiipleyiti zentsimbi

Iplastiki kunye nerabha edibeneyo ithambile kakhulu. Ukuba ibekwe phantsi ngokungaqhelekanga, inkunkuma efana nesanti, igrabile, umhlaba, kunye neenkuni zamaplanga zinokunamathela ngokulula kwizinto zerabha, zenze kube nzima ukuzibona. Ukuzixuba kunokunciphisa kakhulu umgangatho wemveliso, ngakumbi kwiimveliso ezibhityileyo, ezibulalayo. Ukuba inkunkuma yesinyithi ixutywe, inokubangela iingozi zezixhobo zoomatshini. Ngoko izinto ezincamathelayo kufuneka zigcinwe kwiipleyiti zentsimbi ezenziwe ngokukodwa kwaye zigcinwe kwiindawo ezichongiweyo.

34. Kutheni iplastiki yerabha edibeneyo ngamanye amaxesha ihluka kakhulu

Kukho izinto ezininzi ezichaphazela utshintsho lweplastiki yerabha edibeneyo, ngokukodwa kubandakanywa: (1) isampuli engahambelaniyo yerabha yeplastiki; (2) Uxinzelelo olungafanelekanga lwekhompawundi zeplastiki ngexesha lokuxuba; (3) Ubungakanani bezinto ezithambisayo azichanekanga; (4) Umlinganiselo ophambili wokusombulula ezi ngxaki zingentla kukulandela ngokungqongqo imimiselo yenkqubo kwaye ubeke ingqalelo kwizaziso zobugcisa zotshintsho lwezinto ezibonakalayo, ngakumbi utshintsho kwirabha eluhlaza kunye nekhabhoni emnyama.

35. Kutheni i-thith pass passing reverse mixing iyimfuneko emva kokuba irabha edibeneyo ikhutshwe kumxube wangaphakathi

Ubushushu bezinto zerabha ezikhutshiweyo kumxubi wangaphakathi ngokuqhelekileyo bungaphezulu kwe-125℃, ngelixa ubushushu bokongeza isulfure kufuneka bube ngaphantsi kwe-100℃. Ukuze unciphise ngokukhawuleza ukushisa kwezinto zerabha, kuyimfuneko ukuthulula ngokuphindaphindiweyo izinto zerubha kwaye emva koko uqhube umsebenzi wokongeza isulfure kunye ne-accelerator.

36. Yiyiphi imiba ekufuneka iqatshelwe ngexesha lokucubungula ukusebenzisa i-adhesive sulfur adhesive

Isulfure enganyibilikiyo ayizinzanga kwaye inokuguqulwa ibe yisulfure enyibilikayo ngokubanzi. Ukuguqulwa kucotha kwiqondo lokushisa, kodwa kukhawuleza ngokunyuka kweqondo lokushisa. Xa ifika ngaphezu kwe-110℃, inokuguqulwa kwi-sulfure eqhelekileyo ngaphakathi kwe-10-20 imizuzu. Ngoko ke, le sulfure kufuneka igcinwe kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi. Ngexesha lokulungiswa kwesithako, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukugcina ubushushu obuphantsi (ngaphantsi kwe-100℃) ukuyithintela ukuba ingaguqulwa ibe yisulfure eqhelekileyo. I-sulfure enganyibilikiyo, ngenxa yokunganyibiliki kwayo kwi-rubber, isoloko ilukhuni ukusasazeka ngokufanayo, kwaye kufuneka inikwe ingqwalasela eyaneleyo kwinkqubo. I-sulfure enganyibilikiyo isetyenziselwa kuphela ukubuyisela isulfure enyibilikayo ngokubanzi, ngaphandle kokutshintsha inkqubo ye-vulcanization kunye neempawu zerabha evuthisiweyo. Ngoko ke, ukuba iqondo lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu ngexesha lenkqubo, okanye ukuba ligcinwe ixesha elide kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, ngoko ukuyisebenzisa akunantsingiselo.

37. Kutheni i-sodium oleate esetyenziswa kwisixhobo sokupholisa ifilimu kufuneka ijikelezwe

I-agent ye-sodium oleate yodwa esetyenziswe kwitanki yamanzi abandayo yesixhobo sokupholisa ifilimu, ngenxa yokusebenza okuqhubekayo, ifilimu ehlayo evela kwi-tablet press igcina ubushushu kwi-sodium oleate, eya kubangela ukuba ubushushu bayo buphakame ngokukhawuleza kwaye buphumelele ukufezekisa. injongo yokupholisa ifilimu. Ukuze kuncitshiswe ubushushu balo, kuyimfuneko ukwenza ukupholisa i-cyclic, ngale ndlela kuphela imiphumo yokupholisa kunye neyodwa yesixhobo sokupholisa ifilimu ingenziwa ngokufanelekileyo.

38. Kutheni i-roller yomatshini ingcono kune-roller yombane yezixhobo zokupholisa ifilimu

Isixhobo sokupholisa ifilimu ekuqaleni savavanywa nge-roller yokufudumala yombane, eyayinesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi kunye nokugcinwa okunzima. Izinto zerabha kumphetho wokusika zaziqhelekile kwi-vulcanization yokuqala, iyenza ingakhuselekanga. Kamva, iiroli zoomatshini zazisetyenziselwa ukugcinwa nokulungisa lula, ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso kunye nemveliso ekhuselekileyo.